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+<com:TContent ID="body">

+<h1>Parameter Maps and Inline Parameters</h1>

+

+<p>Most SQL statements are useful because we can pass them values at runtime.

+Someone wants a database record with the ID 42, and we need to merge that ID

+number into a select statement. A list of one or more parameters are passed at

+runtime, and each placeholder is replaced in turn. This is simple but labor

+intensive, since developers spend a lot of time counting symbols to make sure

+everything is in sync.</p>

+

+<div class="note"><b class="tip">Note:</b>

+Preceding sections briefly touched on inline parameters, which automatically

+map properties to named parameters. Many iBATIS developers prefer this

+approach. But others prefer to stick to the standard, anonymous approach to

+SQL parameters by using parameter maps. Sometimes people need to retain the

+purity of the SQL statements; other times they need the detailed specification

+offered by parameter maps due to database or provider-specific information

+that needs to be used.

+</div>

+

+<h1>Parameter Map</h1>

+<p>A Parameter Map defines an ordered list of values that match up with the

+placeholders of a parameterized query statement. While the attributes

+specified by the map still need to be in the correct order, each parameter is

+named. You can populate the underlying class in any order, and the Parameter

+Map ensures each value is passed in the correct order.</p>

+

+<p>Parameter Maps can be provided as an external element and \emph{inline}.

+The following example shows an external Parameter Map.</p>

+

+<com:TTextHighlighter Language="xml" CssClass="source">

+<parameterMap id="parameterMapIdentifier"

+  [extends="[sqlMapNamespace.]parameterMapId"]>

+  <parameter

+    property ="propertyName"

+    [column="columnName"]

+    [dbType="databaseType"]

+    [type="propertyCLRType"]

+    [nullValue="nullValueReplacement"]

+    [size="columnSize"]

+    [precision="columnPrecision"]

+    [scale="columnScale"]

+    [typeHandler="class.name"]

+  <parameter ... ... />

+  <parameter ... ... />

+</parameterMap>

+</com:TTextHighlighter>

+

+<p>In the above example, the parts in <tt>[brackets]</tt> are optional. The

+<tt>parameterMap</tt> element only requires the id attribute.

+The following example shows a typical <tt>&lt;parameterMap&gt;</tt>.</p>

+

+<com:TTextHighlighter Language="xml" CssClass="source">

+<parameterMap id="insert-product-param" class="Product">

+  <parameter property="description" />

+  <parameter property="id"/>

+</parameterMap>

+

+<statement id="insertProduct" parameterMap="insert-product-param">

+  insert into PRODUCT (PRD_DESCRIPTION, PRD_ID) values (?,?);

+</statement>

+</com:TTextHighlighter>

+

+<div class="note"><b class="tip">Note:</b>

+Parameter Map names are always local to the Data Map definition file where

+they are defined. You can refer to a Parameter Map in another Data Map

+definition file by prefixing the <tt>id</tt> of the Parameter Map with the

+namespace of the Data Map (set in the <tt>&lt;sqlMap&gt;</tt> root element). 

+</div>

+

+<h2><tt>&lt;parameterMap&gt;</tt> attributes</h2>

+

+<p>The <tt>&lt;parameterMap&gt;</tt> element

+accepts two attributes: <tt>id</tt> (required) and <tt>extends</tt> (optional).</p>

+

+<h3><tt>id</tt> attribute</h3>

+

+<p>The required <tt>id</tt> attribute provides a

+unique identifier for the <tt>&lt;parameterMap&gt;</tt> within this Data Map.</p>

+

+<h3><tt>extends</tt> attribute</h3>

+<p>The optional <tt>extends</tt> attribute can be set to the name of another

+<tt>parameterMap</tt> upon which to base this <tt>parameterMap</tt>. All properties of

+the super <tt>parameterMap</tt> will be included as part of this

+<tt>parameterMap</tt>, and values from the super <tt>parameterMap</tt> are set before

+any values specified by this <tt>parameterMap</tt>. The effect is similar to

+extending a class.</p>

+

+<h1><tt>&lt;parameter&gt;</tt> Elements</h1>

+<p>The <tt>&lt;parameterMap&gt;</tt> element holds one or more parameter child elements

+that map object properties to placeholders in a SQL statement. The sections

+that follow describe each of the attributes.</p>

+

+<h2><tt>property</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>property</tt> attribute of <tt>&lt;parameter&gt;</tt> is the name of a property of

+the parameter object. It may also be the name of an entry in an array. The

+name can be used more than once depending on the number of times it is needed

+in the statement. (In an update, you might set a column that is also part of

+the where clause.)</p>

+

+<h2><tt>direction</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>direction</tt> attribute may be used to indicate a stored procedure

+parameter's direction.</p>

+

+<!-- tabular: align=|l|l|, width=(0.2 0.4) --> 

+<table class="tabular">

+	<tr><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>

+	<tr>

+		<td><tt>Input</tt></td>

+		<td>input-only</td>

+	</tr>

+	<tr>

+		<td><tt>Output</tt></td>

+		<td>output-only</td>

+	</tr>

+	<tr>

+		<td><tt>InputOutput</tt></td>

+		<td>bidirectional</td>

+	</tr>

+</table>

+

+<h2><tt>column</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>column</tt> attribute is used to define to the name of a parameter used by

+a stored procedure.</p>

+

+<h2><tt>dbType</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>dbType</tt> attribute is used to explicitly specify the database column

+type of the parameter to be set by this property. This attribute is normally

+only required if the column is nullable. Although, another reason to use the

+<tt>dbType</tt> attribute is to explicitly specify date types. Most SQL databases

+have more than one <tt>datetime</tt> type. Usually, a database has at least three

+different types (DATE, DATETIME, TIMESTAMP). In order for the value to map

+correctly, you might need to specify the column's <tt>dbType</tt>.</p>

+

+<div class="note"><b class="tip">Note:</b>

+Most providers only need the <tt>dbType</tt> specified for nullable columns. In

+this case, you only need to specify the type for the columns that are

+nullable.

+</div>

+

+<h2><tt>type</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>type</tt> attribute is used to specify the type of the parameter's

+property. This attribute is useful when passing <tt>InputOutput</tt> and

+<tt>Output</tt> parameters into stored procedures. The framework uses the

+specified type to properly handle and set the parameter object's properties

+with the procedure's output values after execution.</p>

+

+<h2><tt>nullValue</tt> attribute</h2>

+

+<p>The <tt>nullValue</tt> attribute can be set to any valid value (based on property

+type). The <tt>nullValue</tt> attribute is used to specify an outgoing null value

+replacement. What this means is that when the value is detected in the object

+property, a NULL will be written to the database (the opposite behavior of an

+inbound null value replacement). This allows you to use a magic null number in

+your application for types that do not support null values (such as int,

+double, float). When these types of properties contain a matching null value

+(for example, say, -9999), a NULL will be written to the database instead of

+the value.</p>

+

+<div class="tip"><b class="tip">Tip:</b>

+For round-trip transparency of null values, you must also specify database

+columns null value replacements in your <a href="?page=Manual.ResultMaps">Result Map</a>.

+</div>

+

+<h2><tt>size</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>size</tt> attribute sets the maximum size of the data within the column.</p>

+

+<h2><tt>precision</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>precision</tt> attribute is used to set the maximum number of digits used

+to represent the property value.</p>

+

+<h2><tt>scale</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>scale</tt> attribute sets the number of decimal places used to resolve the

+property value.</p>

+

+<h2><tt>typeHandler</tt> attribute</h2>

+<p>The <tt>typeHandler</tt> attribute allows the use of a 

+<a href="?page=Manual.CustomTypeHandlers">Custom Type Handler</a>. This allows you to extend the DataMapper's

+capabilities in handling types that are specific to your database provider,

+are not handled by your database provider, or just happen to be a part of your

+application design. You can create custom type handlers to deal with storing

+and retrieving booleans from your database for example.</p>

+

+</com:TContent>
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