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+<com:TContent ID="Main">

+

+<h1>Using Themes and Skins</h1>

+

+<p>

+PRADO has intrinsic support for <a href="http://www.pradosoft.com/demos/quickstart/?page=Advanced.Themes">themes</a>. By using themes, we can better separate logic and presentation, and we can also change the overall appearance of our blog system more easily.

+</p>

+

+<h2>Creating Theme</h2>

+

+<p>

+We first create a new directory <tt>themes</tt>. This is the parent directory of all themes for a particular PRADO application. Any subdirectory under this directory will become a theme whose name is the subdirectory name.

+</p>

+

+<p>

+To create a theme named <tt>Basic</tt>, we create a subdirectory <tt>theme/Basic</tt>. Under this directory, we may place theme-dependent stylesheet files, Javascript files, images, and skin files.

+</p>

+

+<com:InfoBox>

+The <tt>themes</tt> directory must be Web-accessible, like the <tt>assets</tt> directory. Do not place sensitive data files under this directory. You can change the name or location of this directory by configuring the <a href="http://www.pradosoft.com/docs/classdoc/TThemeManager">TThemeManager</a> module in the application configuration.

+</com:InfoBox>

+

+

+<h3>Creating Stylesheet File</h2>

+

+<p>

+Under the <tt>themes/Basic</tt> directory, we create a CSS stylesheet file named <tt>style.css</tt>. When a page uses this theme, PRADO will automatically import this stylesheet to the page. The same occurs for Javascript files.

+</p>

+

+<p>

+The CSS file is shown as follows.

+</p>

+

+<com:TTextHighlighter CssClass="source">

+body {

+	font-family: verdana, 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;

+	font-size: 10pt;

+	background: white;

+}

+#page {

+	margin: 0 auto 0 auto;

+	width: 600px;

+}

+#footer {

+	text-align: center;

+	margin-top: 10px;

+	padding: 10px;

+	border-top: 1px solid silver;

+}

+.post-box {

+	margin-bottom: 10px;

+	padding: 5px;

+}

+.post-box h3 {

+	padding: 5px;

+	font-size: 13pt;

+	background: lightgray;

+}

+.post-box a {

+	color: black;

+	text-decoration: none;

+}

+.post-box a:hover {

+	color: red;

+}

+</com:TTextHighlighter>

+

+

+<h3>Creating Skin File</h2>

+

+<p>

+We use skins to initialize the properties of PRADO controls. Skins are stored as skin files (suffix name <tt>.skin</tt>) under a theme directory. Each skin file can contain multiple skins for one or several types of control.

+</p>

+

+<p>

+As a test, we will try to create a skin that changes the background color of the link buttons in the page footer. We create a file named <tt>button.skin</tt> under the theme directory <tt>themes/Basic</tt>.

+</p>

+

+<com:TTextHighlighter CssClass="source" Language="prado">

+&lt;com:THyperLink SkinID="MainMenu" BackColor="lightgreen" />

+</com:TTextHighlighter>

+

+<p>

+The <tt>button.skin</tt> skin file contains only one skin for <tt>THyperLink</tt> controls whose <tt>SkinID</tt> property is <tt>MainMenu</tt>. The skin sets the background color of the control to be light-green.

+</p>

+

+<p>

+Accordingly, we need to modify <tt>protected/common/MainLayout.tpl</tt> so that the link buttons in the footer use <tt>MainMenu</tt> as their <tt>SkinID</tt>.

+</p>

+<com:TTextHighlighter CssClass="source" Language="prado">

+......

+<div id="footer">

+......

+&lt;com:THyperLink Text="Home" SkinID="MainMenu"

+	NavigateUrl="&lt;%= $this->Service->DefaultPageUrl %>" />

+

+&lt;com:THyperLink Text="New Post" SkinID="MainMenu"

+	NavigateUrl="&lt;%= $this->Service->constructUrl('posts.NewPost') %>"

+	Visible="&lt;%= !$this->User->IsGuest %>" />

+......

+</div>

+......

+</com:TTextHighlighter>

+

+<com:InfoBox>

+The syntax for skin files is very similar to that of PRADO templates. Each <tt>&lt;com:&gt;</tt> tag defines a skin for a particular type of control. PRADO automatically aggregates all skin files in a theme and applies them when a themed page is being rendered.

+</com:InfoBox>

+

+

+<h2>Using Theme</h2>

+

+<p>

+To use the theme we just created, we modify the application configuration as follows. As we see, the <tt>Theme</tt> property for all pages is set as <tt>Basic</tt>, the name of the theme we created.

+</p>

+

+<com:TTextHighlighter CssClass="source" Language="xml">

+......

+  <services>

+    <service id="page" class="TPageService" DefaultPage="posts.ListPost">

+      <pages MasterClass="Application.layouts.MainLayout" Theme="Basic" />

+    </service>

+  </services>

+......

+</com:TTextHighlighter>

+

+<com:InfoBox>

+It is possible to specify different themes for different pages, and this can be done either in application/page configurations or programmatically (note <tt>Theme</tt> a page property). For the latter, it is must be done in <tt>onPreInit()</tt> method of the page because PRADO applies a theme to a page early in the page lifecycle.

+</com:InfoBox>

+

+

+<h2>Testing</h2>

+<p>

+To see how our blog pages look like, visit the URL <tt>http://hostname/blog/index.php</tt>. We shall see the font, layout, borders are changed in the page. Also, the link buttons in the footer have light-green background.

+</p>

+

+<img src="<%~ output.gif %>" class="output" />

+

+</com:TContent>
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